Writing the Beginning Paragraph

Start your essay with a lead that gets readers' attention and orients them to the piece of literature you will analyze. After your lead sentence, you will develop a paragraph that ends with your thesis statement.

1. Name the work and author and summarize its importance.

Watership Down by Richard Adams is a story about rabbits, but it's also about refugees and vision quests and the making of great leaders.

2. Quote a review of the literature.

“Once snared, you'll be gripped uncompromisingly by a master teller of tales. And chances are you'll not recall nobler heroes than the rabbits seeking happiness on Watership Down.”
—The Atlanta Constitution

3. Provide an engaging fact.

Humans domesticated dogs tens of thousands of years ago, when we were still hunters and gatherers.

4. Ask an interesting question.

Have you ever seen a sleeping dog snuff and snort, legs scrabbling sideways on the floor, twitching in some dream of the hunt?

Writing the Middle Paragraphs

Prewriting to Select a Work

You may already know what story or novel you want to write about. If not, answering a set of questions can give you some options:

Reading a Literary Analysis

Before you begin your own literary analysis, you should read a paper created by another student. As you read, note how the writer describes the key events in the life of an important character and connects the events to larger themes. He also paraphrases and quotes from the novel. Click on the side notes to study these and other features.

Reading a Student Model

This reading analyzes the character arc of Hazel from Watership Down, showing how his decisions, actions, and sacrifices slowly transform him into a leader. The overall structure includes a beginning paragraph, multiple body paragraphs, and an ending paragraph. The writer uses source citations as well as historical context and discussions of theme to show the significance of Hazel's transformation in the novel.

Warm-Up for Analyzing Literature

You arrive at the lunch table only to discover that your friends are chattering excitedly about something that happened in class. You, of course, want "the full story": Who was involved? What happened? Where and when? Why did it happen? How?

Every story, whether told around the lunch table or written in a work of literature, contains those basic elements:

Reading a Personal Essay

You've probably written many personal narratives over the course of your schooling, but this may be your first personal essay. Instead of focusing on one brief event in your life, you will focus on a series of events over a longer period. As a result, you'll need to be selective about what events you report, and you'll need to tie them together so that they create a clear narrative arc. You can get a sense of how to do so by reading another student's personal essay.

Reading a Student Model

Read the following personal essay, in which Carson reflects on a winter of discontent and the surprising creative outlet that he discovered. Note how he zooms in to specific events with description and dialogue before zooming out with transition sentences to show the progress of time. Click on the side notes to see the different features of this personal essay.