CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.8.5

By Anonymous (not verified), 12 March, 2026

Reading a Literary Analysis

Before you begin working on your own analysis, it's helpful to read how another student analyzed a piece of literature.

Reading a Student Model

This sample focuses on the character arc of Junior from The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. As you read the sample, pay close attention to how the writer describes changes in the character by citing examples from the text. Then consider how the writer connects those changes to larger lessons about life. Click on the side notes for a closer look at the key features.

Sample Literary Analysis

By Anonymous (not verified), 12 March, 2026

Reading a Character Analysis

Before you begin your own writing, you should read an example created by another student to get a sense of what a character analysis looks and sounds like. As you read, note how the writer describes the character, explores themes, and cites evidence from the literature. Click on the side notes to study these features.

Reading a Student Model

This student sample analyzes the main character from Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451. The analysis highlights how the character changes throughout the story and how the changes reflect some of the main themes of the work. The overall structure includes a beginning paragraph, multiple body paragraphs, and an ending paragraph. The writer uses source citations and discussions of theme to reveal qualities of the character.

Sample Character Analysis

By Anonymous (not verified), 12 March, 2026

Responding to a Poem for Assessment

When you closely read a poem on an assessment, pay attention to the sounds of poetry, such as rhythm, alliteration, and repetition. Also note the meaning of poetry, focusing on features like imagery, metaphor, and symbolism.

Closely read a poem.

Read the following poem, paying attention to sound and meaning.

Source 2

Chicago Poet

Carl Sandburg

I saluted a nobody.

I saw him in a looking-glass.

He smiled—so did I.

He crumpled the skin on his forehead,

     frowning—so did I.

Everything I did he did.

I said, “Hello, I know you.”

And I was a liar to say so.

Ah, this looking-glass man!

Liar, fool, dreamer, play-actor,

Soldier, dusty drinker of dust—

Ah! he will go with me

Down the dark stairway

When nobody else is looking,

When everybody else is gone.

He locks his elbow in mine,

I lose all—but not him.

By Anonymous (not verified), 12 March, 2026

Warm-Up for Literature Assessment

Some major assessments test your ability to read and respond to literature.

How Can I Practice for Assessment?

Literature Assessment
© Thoughtful Learning 2016

The best way to practice for a reading and writing assessment is to take a practice test, like the one in this unit. You will closely read a story and a poem and write about them. You'll also write a story of your own.

You’ll find a playful story about a girl who tries to get away from her shadow. You’ll also read a poem about a man speaking to his reflection. Read them closely. You’ll be drawing evidence from them to build a response. You’ll also get to experiment with telling a story of your own.

If you would like more help with closely reading literature and responding in writing, see the unit “Reading and Writing Literature for Assessment.”

Responding to a Story for Assessment

When you closely read a story, pay attention to character, setting, conflict, and theme.

Closely read a short story.

Read the following story. You will need to answer questions afterward, but you can refer back as needed.

Source 1

Friend Beneath Your Feet

By Felice Williams

Jana stretched, yawned, and jumped out of bed.

“Ow! Hey! Get off me!”

Startled, Jana jumped back in bed. “Who said that?”

A muffled voice came underneath her. “Me!”

“Who are you?”

“Your shadow, that’s who,” the shadow replied. “I’m pinned underneath you!”

“Sorry!” Jana replied, scrambling off the bed.

“You’re stepping on my feet!” the shadow growled.

Jana lifted her feet, dancing to keep from stepping on the shadow, but every time her foot came down, the shadow was right under it. “Hey, you keep putting your feet under mine!”

“Of course I do. I’m your shadow!”

Jana shook her head. “Then I can’t help stepping on your feet or pinning you to the bed, can I?”

“No, you can’t help it,” her shadow replied, “but at least you could realize you’re doing it. Maybe you wouldn’t stomp around so much if you thought about how you’re always stepping on my feet!”

By Anonymous (not verified), 12 March, 2026

Analyzing the Meaning of Poetry

Poetry uses different techniques to create different meanings. When you read a poem, watch for these kinds of techniques.

Connotation is the feeling that words create.

Grandma wore denim; mother wore silk.

(Denim has the connotation of being inexpensive, durable, and practical; silk has the connotation of being expensive, delicate, and dressy.)

Denotation refers to the literal meaning of words.

Grandma wore denim; mother wore silk.

(Denim is a cotton fabric; silk is a fabric made from the cocoons of silkworms.)

Imagery refers to what you see, hear, smell, taste, and touch.

In the trees, green leaves murmur.

In the grass dance sunlight stars.

(Imagery includes trees, green, murmur, grass, dance, sunlight stars.)

Metaphor is saying that one thing is another thing, without using like or as.

The speech was a lighthouse beacon,

Guiding me to shore.

(The speech is a beacon.)

Personification is giving human qualities to nonhuman things.

I wrestled the math problem all afternoon.

It pinned me to the mat.

(The math problem acts like a wrestler.)

Simile is comparing two things using like or as.

My dog is like Saturday,

Brimming with adventure and excitement.

(The dog is compared to Saturday, using like.)

Symbol is using one thing to stand for another.

She kept her heart in a safe

Where no one could ever break it.

(Her heart is a symbol of her inner self and her relationships.)

By Anonymous (not verified), 12 March, 2026

Analyzing the Sound of Poetry

As you know, a poem is not the same as a short story or a novel. One big difference is that poetry plays with the sounds of words. Different techniques create different sounds. When you read a poem, listen for these kinds of sounds.

Alliteration is using the same beginning consonant sound.

The burrow delves down dark and deep

Where slinking creatures go to sleep.

Assonance is repeating vowel sounds within words.

In a yellow casserole

A green bean makes a scene.

Onomatopoeia occurs when a word sounds like what it describes.

The ladle dripped atop my roll

And splashed the soup inside my bowl.

Repetition is using a word or phrase again to draw attention to it or to create rhythm.

The white dove in the white snow

Waits for the white-out winds to go.

Rhyme refers to repeating the end sounds of words, often at the end of lines.

If you would show some gratitude

Instead of so much attitude,

You wouldn’t hear a platitude

About your lack of manners, dude.

Rhythm refers to creating a pattern of stressed and unstressed sounds in a line of poetry.

If you would show some gratitude

Instead of so much attitude,

You wouldn’t hear a platitude

About your lack of manners, dude.

Closely read a poem.

Read the following wintry poem, focusing on the sounds it creates.